As the March 10 deadline approaches, the Maldives has firmly requested that India withdraw the first group of its military personnel stationed in the archipelago. These personnel, predominantly tasked with conducting rescue and relief operations in the Maldives, are slated to be replaced by proficient Indian technical experts, as announced by India’s Ministry of External Affairs.
This development prompts inquiries into the rationale behind Maldivian President Mohamed Muizzu’s insistence on the departure of Indian personnel, particularly considering that their total strength amounts to less than 100 individuals.
Mohamed Muizzu Sets Deadline for Indian Troops
The Maldives has established two distinct deadlines for the removal of Indian personnel from its territories: March 10 and May 10. During a recent announcement, Muizzi reiterated the significance of the May 10 deadline, emphasizing that it marks the definitive end of Indian troops’ presence in the country.
Regardless of their attire, whether in uniform or civilian clothing, Indian military personnel will no longer reside in the Maldives after this date, as asserted with confidence by Muizzu. The strained nature of the relationship between India and the Maldives is palpable, given the events that have unfolded in recent weeks.
Also Read: Maldives Urges India to Withdraw Military Personnel by March 15
Maldives Balancing Act Between India and China
The External Affairs Minister, S Jaishankar, indirectly criticized Muizzu, suggesting that big bullies don’t offer $4.5 billion in aid. Despite pressure from India regarding military personnel, the Maldives signed two military agreements with China.
One agreement reportedly includes China offering military assistance to the Maldives for free. Meanwhile, the Indian Navy announced the opening of a new naval base in Minicoy, just 130 km from the Maldives. This move comes as China seeks to increase its influence in the strategically important Indo-Pacific region, where India has traditionally provided assistance to the Maldives.
Understanding the India-Maldives Military Agreement
The Maldivian government and India reached an agreement for India to replace military personnel on three aviation platforms by specific dates. The move was a promise made by President Muizzu, who is seen as pro-China. Despite claims of “thousands of Indian troops” being withdrawn, the actual number is around 80.
Muizzu framed this as India exerting military control over the Maldives, but experts argue that it was part of a bilateral agreement for India to provide assistance in medical evacuation, humanitarian aid, and security.
The ‘India-Out Campaign’ helped Muizzu win the presidency in 2023, but it was later revealed that the number of Indian military personnel was exaggerated. Former foreign minister Abdulla Shahid clarified that there are no armed foreign troops stationed in the Maldives.
Indian Military Personnel Ordered to Leave Maldives Amidst Criticism
The Indian soldiers stationed in the Maldives primarily focused on medical evacuations, air rescue operations, and surveillance, contrary to what Muizzu claimed.
Retired Lt Gen Ata Hasnain emphasized that having foreign military personnel doesn’t make a country a colony. India provides essential resources for everyday life in the Maldives, including emergency supplies like drinking water during crises.
India’s support in medicine, infrastructure, energy, and economics has been crucial for the Maldives. Additionally, Indian troops helped thwart a coup attempt in 1998.
Despite this, President Muizzu has ordered Indian military personnel to leave, a decision criticized by Lt Gen Ata Hasnain for its lack of explanation and analysis by the media and international observers.
Complexities of Maldives’ Foreign Policy Under President Muizzu
Muizzu, the current President of the Maldives, views the presence of Indian military as a problem. He is known for his Islamist beliefs and his alignment with China. This has led to tensions with India, which is seen as an unacceptable reliance. Indrani Bagchi, a foreign policy analyst, describes Muizzu’s stance as unfortunate because the Maldives is an important neighbor to India.
Muizzu gained power by promising to reduce India’s influence, tapping into nationalist sentiments even in schools. Some experts suggest that Muizzu’s actions may be influenced by anti-India forces, including China, seeking to challenge India’s position in the region.
India sees the Maldives and Sri Lanka as key partners in ensuring the security of sea routes in the Indian Ocean. China’s growing presence, particularly through its Belt and Road Initiative projects, poses a challenge to India’s interests in the region. This has led to concerns about China’s intentions, with some viewing its actions as an attempt to undermine India’s influence.
However, it’s not just China’s involvement that drives Muizzu’s stance. The Maldives has a predominantly Muslim population, and there are concerns about radicalization. Muizzu’s policies may reflect an attempt to address these concerns and maintain his support base.
During the previous administration of Abdulla Yameen, the Maldives saw a high number of fighters joining groups like ISIS. Muizzu’s promise to reduce Indian influence may be seen as a way to address these issues and appeal to a nationalist sentiment.
Also Read: Maldives President Muizzu: “No Bullying License” Amid Diplomatic Spat with India
Maldives Sets Deadline for Indian Troops FAQs
Q.1. Why is President Muizzu insisting on the withdrawal of Indian troops?
Ans. President Muizzu is concerned about Indian influence, aligning with China, and tapping into nationalist sentiments.
Q.2. What prompted the Maldives to set deadlines for Indian troops?
Ans. Strained relations with India, alignment with China, and nationalist sentiments influenced the decision.
Q.3. How many Indian troops are stationed in the Maldives?
Ans. Around 80 Indian troops are stationed in the Maldives, primarily focusing on medical and rescue operations.
Q.4. Is the Maldives signing military agreements with China?
Ans. Yes, the Maldives has signed military agreements with China, prompting tensions with India.
Q.5. What role does India play in the Maldives’ everyday life?
Ans. India provides essential resources like medicine, infrastructure, and emergency supplies to the Maldives.
